As you read this article, you may have already come across a sensational news story on your Facebook feed or received a surprising message on WhatsApp. But have you ever paused to question whether these stories are actually true? Or wondered why false information spreads so rapidly?

In today’s digital world, we are surrounded by an overwhelming stream of content. Yet, distinguishing between authentic information and false narratives has become increasingly difficult. This article takes a closer look at the growing threat of misinformation and disinformation and the reasons they spread so quickly.

Misinformation

Imagine receiving a surprising piece of news from a friend. Without verifying its accuracy, you immediately share it with others. Later, you discover the news was actually false. In this case, you weren’t aware the information was incorrect, and yet, you shared it. This is an example of misinformation.

Misinformation is false or misleading content that spreads unintentionally. Examples include sharing an old photo as if it were part of a recent event, or presenting incomplete information as if it were a full, verified news report. In this case, your friend who first sent you the news was also misinformed. Their intent wasn’t malicious, but the result could still lead to others forming false impressions.

Disinformation

Disinformation, in contrast, is deliberately false information, shared with the intent to mislead. It is not a mistake, it is a strategic act, often aimed at manipulating public opinion, gaining political advantage, spreading social division, or discrediting individuals or institutions.

Examples of disinformation include spreading false accusations against political opponents ahead of an election, or spreading rumors about a product to harm its market reputation. In most cases, disinformation relies heavily on people’s emotions and fears to gain traction. It is far more dangerous than misinformation.

Why Do We Fall into the Trap of Misinformation and Disinformation?

1. The Speed of the Digital World: On social media, information spreads so rapidly that it often goes viral before anyone has the chance to verify it. This allows false narratives to shape public perception quickly and negatively.

2. Emotion and Bias: People are more likely to believe news that aligns with their personal beliefs or political views. This psychological tendency, known as “confirmation bias,” contributes to the rapid spread of false information.

3. Financial Motivation: In the digital space, some individuals and organizations create sensational but false stories simply to drive clicks, views, and ad revenue.

4. Political and Social Agendas: Disinformation is frequently used by political groups to further their agendas. It becomes a tool to create division within society and undermine democratic institutions.

Can We Protect Ourselves From These Waves of Falsehood?

Yes, we can. Here’s how:

1. Don’t Believe Immediately: Don’t take everything at face value. When you come across a piece of news, pause and think; could this be false?

2. Verify the Source: Check where the information is coming from. Is it from a reliable, established news outlet or from an unknown page?

3. Cross-Check With Multiple Sources: Never trust a piece of news based on a single source. See if the same information is being reported by other trusted media platforms.

4. Use Your Conscience: Before sharing any news, ask yourself, ‘am I sure this is true? Could sharing this cause harm to others or society?’

If the answer is “no,” then do not share it. Even one like or share can contribute to widespread misinformation. In this era of free-flowing information, it is our responsibility to ensure that we don’t stray from the path of truth.